Dialects. Northern area

Northern United States is sometimes referred to as general American English.

It corresponds to Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, New York, New Jersey, Michigan, Minnesota, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wisconsin, Wyoming, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, Washington, Nevada, California, Utah, Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Alaska and Hawaii.

The northern area can be divided into two subdialects: Northern and Western. At the same time, they are divided into New England, Hudson Valley, New York city, Inland Northern, Upper Midwestern, Rocky Mountain, Pacific Northwest, Pacific Southwest, Southwestern and Hawaii.

Some of the most important features are the following:
In New England R's are often dropped, but an extra R is added to words that end with a vowel. A is pronounced AH so that we get "Pahk the cah in Hahvuhd yahd" and "Pepperidge Fahm remembuhs.
In New York, When an R comes after a vowel, it is often dropped. IR becomes OI, but OI becomes IR, and TH becomes D as in "Dey sell tirlets on doity-doid street" and fugedaboudit (forget about it). This pronounciation is particularly associated with Brooklyn but exists to some extent throughout the city.
In Inland Northern it’s combined elements of Western New England and Upper Midwestern. Marry, merry, and Mary are pronounced the same.
Some original Hudson Valley words are stoop (small porch) and teeter-totter.
Some words in the Western Dialects are adobe, beer bust, belly up, boneyard, bronco, buckaroo, bunkhouse, cahoots, corral, greenhorn, hightail, hoosegow, lasso, mustang, maverick, roundup, wingding, Many words originally came from Spanish, cowboy jargon, and even some from the languages of the Native Americans.
In The Rocky Mountain, some words are kick off (to die), cache (hiding place), and bushed (tired).
In The Pacific Northwest, a pidgin called Chinook Jargon was developed between the languages of the Native American tribes of this area.A word from Chinook Jargon is high muckamuck (important person), which is still used today.
Alaska is also influenced by the native american language. Some words are  bush (remote area), cabin fever, mush (to travel by dog sled), parka, stateside.
Pacific Southwest is influenced by the dialects of the Northern and North Midland. The people here are particularly fond of creating new slang and expressions, and, since Hollywood is located here, these quickly get spread to the rest of the country and the world. During the late 1970s and early 1980s, an extreme exaggeration of this dialect that ("Valley Girl" or "Surfer Dude") was popular among teenagers and much parodied in the media with phrases like "gag me with a spoon" and "barf me back to the stone age." Sean Penn in Fast Times at Ridgemont High and Whoopie Goldberg in her one women show are    two famous examples.
Southwestern: it was very influenced by Spanish people, because of the ten generations who lived here. Some local words are: caballero, cantina, frijoles, madre, mesa, nana, padre, patio, plaza, ramada, tortilla.

A special case is the dialect spoken in Hawaii,  There was a Hawaiian Creole developed from a pidgin English spoken on the sugar plantations with workers from Hawaii and many other countries. Some words are: look-see, no can, number one, plenty (very). It isn't widely spoken nowadays. Nonstandard Hawaiian English was developed from Hawaiian Creole, and it's spoken mostly by teenagers: aloha, hula, kahuna, lei…

Here, I'll show you a video of the movie mentioned above ''Fast Times at  Ridgemont High'' starring by Sean Penn.

That's all about dialects. I hope you've enjoyed it!
Source:
http://robertspage.com/dialects.html

By: Patricia Domínguez